George Soule, Who Seems To Have Been A Sort Of "Upper Servant" Or
"Steward," It Is Not Certain Was With Winslow In Holland, Though It
Is Probable.
Elias Story, his "under-servant," was probably also with him in Holland,
though not surely so.
Both servants might possibly have been
procured from London or at Southampton, but probably sailed from
Delfshaven with Winslow in the SPEEDWELL.
Elder William Brewster and his family, his wife and two boys, were
passengers on the SPEEDWELL, beyond reasonable doubt. He was, in
fact, the ranking man of the Leyden brethren till they reached
Southampton and the respective ships' "governors" were chosen. The
Church to that point was dominant. (The Elder's two "bound-boys,"
being from London, do not appear as SPEEDWELL passengers.) There is,
on careful study, no warrant to be found for the remarkable
statements of Goodwin ("Pilgrim Republic," p. 33), that, during the
hunt for Brewster in Holland in 1619, by the emissaries of James I.
of England (in the endeavor to apprehend and punish him for printing
and publishing certain religious works alleged to be seditious),
"William Brewster was in London . . . and there he remained until
the sailing of the MAYFLOWER, which he helped to fit out;" and that
during that time "he visited Scrooby." That he had no hand whatever
in fitting out the MAYFLOWER is certain, and the Scrooby statement
equally lacks foundation. Professor Arber, who is certainly a
better authority upon the "hidden press" of the Separatists in
Holland, and the official correspondence relating to its proprietors
and their movements, says ("The Story of the Pilgrim Fathers,"
p.196): "The Ruling Elder of the Pilgrim Church was, for more than a
year before he left Delfshaven on the SPEEDWELL, on the 22 July-
1 August, 1620, a hunted man." Again (p. 334), he says: "Here let
us consider the excellent management and strategy of this Exodus.
If the Pilgrims had gone to London to embark for America, many, if
not most of them, would have been put in prison [and this is the
opinion of a British historian, knowing the temper of those times,
especially William Brewster.] So only those embarked in London
against whom the Bishops could take no action." We can understand,
in light, why Carver - a more objectionable person than Cushman to
the prelates, because of his office in the Separatist Church - was
chiefly employed out of their sight, at Southampton, etc., while the
diplomatic and urbane Cushman did effective work at London, under
the Bishops' eyes. It is not improbable that the personal
friendship of Sir Robert Naunton (Principal Secretary of State to
King James) for Sir Edward Sandys and the Leyden brethren (though
officially seemingly active under his masters' orders in pushing Sir
Dudley Carleton, the English ambassador at the Hague, to an
unrelenting search for Brewster) may have been of material aid to
the Pilgrims in gaining their departure unmolested. The only basis
known for the positive expression of Goodwin resides in the
suggestions of several letters' of Sir Dudley Carleton to Sir Robert
Naunton, during the quest for Brewster; the later seeming clearly to
nullify the earlier.
Under date of July 22, 1619, Carleton says: "One William Brewster,
a Brownist, who has been for some years an inhabitant and printer at
Leyden, but is now within these three weeks removed from thence and
gone back to dwell in London," etc.
On August 16, 1619 (N.S.), he writes: "I am told William Brewster is
come again for Leyden," but on the 30th adds: "I have made good
enquiry after William Brewster and am well assured he is not
returned thither, neither is it likely he will; having removed from
thence both his family and goods," etc.
On September 7, 1619 (N.S.), he writes: "Touching Brewster, I am now
informed that he is on this side the seas [not in London, as before
alleged]; and that he was seen yesterday, at Leyden, but, as yet, is
not there settled," etc.
On September 13, 1619 (N.S.), he says: "I have used all diligence to
enquire after Brewster; and find he keeps most at Amsterdam; but
being 'incerti laris', he is not yet to be lighted upon. I
understand he prepares to settle himself at a village called
Leerdorp, not far from Leyden, thinking there to be able to print
prohibited books without discovery, but I shall lay wait for him,
both there and in other places, so as I doubt but either he must
leave this country; or I shall, sooner or later, find him out."
On September 20, 1619 (N.S.), he says: "I have at length found out
Brewster at Leyden," etc. It was a mistake, and Brewster's partner
(Thomas Brewer), one of the Merchant Adventurers, was arrested
instead.
On September 28, 1619 (N.S.), he states, writing from Amsterdam:
"If he lurk here for fear of apprehension, it will be hard to find
him," etc.
As late as February 8, 1619/20, there was still a desire and hope
for his arrest, but by June the matter had become to the King - and
all others - something of an old story. While, as appears by a
letter of Robert Cushman, written in London, in May, 1619, Brewster
was then undoubtedly there, one cannot agree, in the light of the
official correspondence just quoted, with the conclusion of Dr.
Alexander Young ("Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers," vol. i.
p. 462), that "it is probable he [Brewster] did not return to
Leyden, but kept close till the MAYFLOWER sailed."
Everything indicates that he was at Leyden long after this; that he
did not again return to London, as supposed; and that he was in
hiding with his family (after their escape from the pursuit at
Leyden), somewhere among friends in the Low Countries. Although by
July, 1620, the King had, as usual, considerably "cooled off," we
may be sure that with full knowledge of the harsh treatment meted
out to his partner (Brewer) when caught, though unusually mild (by
agreement with the authorities of the University and Province of
Holland), Brewster did not deliberately put himself "under the
lion's paw" at London, or take any chances of arrest there, even in
disguise.
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