The Palace In Chagannor Was Built In 1280" (According To The Siu T'ung Kien).

- H. C.]

NOTE 2. - Chandu, called more correctly in Ramusio Xandu, i.e. SHANDU, and by Fr. Odorico Sandu, viz. SHANG-TU or "Upper Court," the Chinese title of Kublai's summer residence at Kaipingfu, Mongolice Keibung (see ch. xiii. of Prologue) [is called also Loan king, i.e. "the capital on the Loan River," according to Palladius, p. 26. - H. C.]. The ruins still exist, in about lat. 40 deg. 22', and a little west of the longitude of Peking. The site is 118 miles in direct line from Chaghan-nor, making Polo's three marches into rides of unusual length.[1] The ruins bear the Mongol name of Chao Naiman Sume Khotan, meaning "city of the 108 temples," and are about 26 miles to the north-west of Dolon-nor, a bustling, dirty town of modern origin, famous for the manufactory of idols, bells, and other ecclesiastical paraphernalia of Buddhism. The site was visited (though not described) by Pere Gerbillon in 1691, and since then by no European traveller till 1872, when Dr. Bushell of the British Legation at Peking, and the Hon. T. G. Grosvenor, made a journey thither from the capital, by way of the Nan-kau Pass (supra p. 26), Kalgan, and the vicinity of Chaghan-nor, the route that would seem to have been habitually followed, in their annual migration, by Kublai and his successors.

The deserted site, overgrown with rank weeds and grass, stands but little above the marshy bed of the river, which here preserves the name of Shang- tu, and about a mile from its north or left bank.

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