We have the will of the Venetian Pietro Viglioni,
dated from Tauris, 10th December, 1264 (Archiv. Veneto, xxvi. 161-
165), which shows that he was but a pioneer. It was only under Arghun
Khan (1284-1291) that Tauris became the great market for foreign,
especially Genoese, merchants, as Marco Polo remarks on his return
journey; with Ghazan and the new city built by that prince, Tauris
reached a very high degree of prosperity, and was then really the
chief emporium on the route from Europe to Persia and the far East.
Sir Henry Yule had not changed his views, and if in the plate showing
Probable View of Marco Polo's own Geography, the itinerary is not
shown as running to Baghdad, it is mere neglect on the part of the
draughtsman. - H. C.]
[A] Page 19.
[B] Vide Yule, vol. i. p. 5. It is noticeable that John of Pian
de Carpine, who travelled 1245 to 1247, names it correctly.
[C] The modern name is Keis, an island lying off Linga.
[D] Vol. i. p. 110 (Introduction).
[14] It is stated by Neumann that this most estimable traveller once
intended to have devoted a special work to the elucidation of Marco's
chapters on the Oxus Provinces, and it is much to be regretted that
this intention was never fulfilled. Pamir has been explored more
extensively and deliberately, whilst this book was going through the
press, by Colonel Gordon, and other officers, detached from Sir
Douglas Forsyth's Mission. [We have made use of the information given
by these officers and by more recent travellers. - H. C.]
[15] Half a year earlier, if we suppose the three years and a half to
count from Venice rather than Acre. But at that season (November)
Kublai would not have been at Kai-ping fu (otherwise Shang-tu).
[16] Pauthier, p. ix., and p. 361.
[17] That this was Marco's first mission is positively stated in the
Ramusian edition; and though this may be only an editor's gloss it
seems well-founded. The French texts say only that the Great Kaan,
"l'envoia en un message en une terre ou bien avoit vj. mois de
chemin." The traveller's actual Itinerary affords to Vochan
(Yung-ch'ang), on the frontier of Burma, 147 days' journey, which with
halts might well be reckoned six months in round estimate. And we are
enabled by various circumstances to fix the date of the Yun-nan
journey between 1277 and 1280. The former limit is determined by
Polo's account of the battle with the Burmese, near Vochan, which took
place according to the Chinese Annals in 1277. The latter is fixed by
his mention of Kublai's son, Mangalai, as governing at Kenjanfu
(Si-ngan fu), a prince who died in 1280.
