1. CRUSTACEA.
Pagarus Bernhardus, Linnaeus.
2. INSECTA.
a. Coleoptera. Nebria rubripes, Dejean. Patrobus hyperboreus.
Calathus melanocephalus, Fabr. Notiophilus aquaticus. Amara
vulgaris, Duftsihm. Ptinus fur, Linn. Aphodius Lapponum, Schh.
Otiorhynchus laevigatus, Dhl. Otiorhynchus Pinastri, Fabr.
Otiorhynchus ovatus. Staphylinus maxillosus. Byrrhus pillula.
b. Neuroptera. Limnophilus lineola, Schrank.
c. Hymenoptera. Pimpla instigator, Gravh. Bombus subterraneus,
Linn.
d. Lepidoptera. Geometra russata, Hub. Geom. alche millata.
Geom. spec. nov.
e. Diptera. Tipula lunata, Meig. Scatophaga stercoraria. Musca
vomitaria. Musca mortuorum. Helomyza serrata. Lecogaster
islandicus, Scheff. {59} Anthomyia decolor, Fallin.
LIST OF ICELANDIC PLANTS collected by Ida Pfeiffer in the Summer of
the year 1845
Felices. Cystopteris fragilis.
Equisetaceae. Equisetum Teltamegra.
Graminae. Festuca uniglumis.
Cyperaceae. Carea filiformis. Carea caespitosa. Eriophorum
caespitosum.
Juncaceae. Luzula spicata. Luzula campestris.
Salicineae. Salix polaris.
Polygoneae. Remux arifolus. Oxyria reniformes.
Plumbagineae. Armeria alpina (in the interior mountainous
districts).
Compositae. Chrysanthemum maritimum (on the sea-shore, and on
marshy fields). Hieracium alpinum (on grassy plains). Taraxacum
alpinum. Erigeron uniflorum (west of Havenfiord, on rocky soil).
Rubiaceae. Gallium pusillum. Gallium verum.
Labiatae. Thynus serpyllum.
Asperifoliae. Myosotis alpestris. Myosotis scorpioicles.
Scrophularineae. Bartsia alpina (in the interior north-western
valleys). Rhinanthus alpestris.
Utricularieae. Pinguicula alpina. Pinguicula vulgaris.
Umbelliferae. Archangelica officinalis (Havenfiord).
Saxifrageae. Saxifraga caespitosa (the real Linnaean plant: on
rocks round Hecla).
Ranunculaceae. Ranunculus auricomus. Ranunculus nivalis.
Thalictrum alpinum (growing between lava, near Reikjavik). Caltha
palustris.
Cruciferae. Draba verna. Cardamine pratensis.
Violariceae. Viola hirta.
Caryophylleae. Sagina stricta. Cerastium semidecandrum. Lepigonum
rubrum. Silene maritima. Lychnis alpina (on the mountain-fields
round Reikjavik).
Empetreae. Empetrum nigrum.
Geraniaceae. Geranium sylvaticum (in pits near Thingvalla).
Troseaceae. Parnassia palustris.
OEnothereae. Epilobium latifolium (in clefts of the mountain at the
foot of Hecla). Epilobium alpinum (in Reiker valley, west of
Havenfiord).
Rosaceae. Rubus arcticus. Potentilla anserina. Potentilla
gronlandica (on rocks near Kallmanstunga and Kollismola).
Alchemilla montana. Sanguisorba officinalis. Geum rivale. Dryas
octopela (near Havenfiord).
Papilionaceae. Trifolium repens.
Footnotes:
{1} In this Gutenberg eText only Madame Pfeiffer's work appears -
DP.
{2} Madame Pfeiffer's first journey was to the Holy Land in 1842;
and on her return from Iceland she started in 1846 on a "Journey
round the World," from which she returned in the end of 1848. This
adventurous lady is now (1853) travelling among the islands of the
Eastern Archipelago. - ED.
{3} A florin is worth about 2s. 1d.; sixty kreutzers go to a
florin.
{4} At Kuttenberg the first silver groschens were coined, in the
year 1300. The silver mines are now exhausted, though other mines,
of copper, zinc, &c. are wrought in the neighbourhood. The
population is only half of what it once was. - ED.
{5} The expression of Madame Pfeiffer's about Frederick "paying his
score to the Austrians," is somewhat vague. The facts are these.
In 1757 Frederick the Great of Prussia invaded Bohemia, and laid
siege to Prague. Before this city an Austrian army lay, who were
attacked with great impetuosity by Frederick, and completely
defeated. But the town was defended with great valour; and during
the time thus gained the Austrian general Daun raised fresh troops,
with which he took the field at Collin. Here he was attacked by
Frederick, who was routed, and all his baggage and cannon captured.
This loss was "paying his score;" and the defeat was so complete,
that the great monarch sat down by the side of a fountain, and
tracing figures in the sand, was lost for a long time in meditation
on the means to be adopted to retrieve his fortune. - ED.
{6} I mention this little incident to warn the traveller against
parting with his effects.
{7} The true version of this affair is as follows. John of Nepomuk
was a priest serving under the Archbishop of Prague. The king,
Wenceslaus, was a hasty, cruel tyrant, who was detested by all his
subjects, and hated by the rest of Germany. Two priests were guilty
of some crime, and one of the court chamberlains, acting under royal
orders, caused the priests to be put to death. The archbishop,
indignant at this, placed the chamberlain under an interdict. This
so roused the king that he attempted to seize the archbishop, who
took refuge in flight. John of Nepomuk, however, and another
priest, were seized and put to the torture to confess what were the
designs of the archbishop. The king seems to have suspected that
the queen was in some way connected with the line of conduct pursued
by the archbishop. John of Nepomuk, however, refused, even though
the King with his own hand burned him with a torch. Irritated by
his obstinate silence, the king caused the poor monk to be cast over
the bridge into the Moldau. This monk was afterwards canonised, and
made the patron saint of bridges. - ED.
{8} Albert von Wallenstein (or Waldstein), the famous Duke of
Friedland, is celebrated as one of the ablest commanders of the
imperial forces during the protracted religious contest known in
German history as the "Thirty Years' War." During its earlier
period Wallenstein greatly distinguished himself, and was created by
the Emperor Ferdinand Duke of Friedland and generalissimo of the
imperial forces. In the course of a few months Wallenstein raised
an army of forty thousand men in the Emperor's service. The
strictest discipline was preserved WITHIN his camp, but his troops
supported themselves by a system of rapine and plunder unprecedented
even in those days of military license. Merit was rewarded with
princely munificence, and the highest offices were within the reach
of every common soldier who distinguished himself; - trivial breaches
of discipline were punished with death. The dark and ambitious
spirit of Wallenstein would not allow him to rest satisfied with the
rewards and dignities heaped upon him by his imperial master.
